Ovarian cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the cells of the ovaries, which are the reproductive glands in women. It is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it typically does not cause symptoms in the early stages.
The exact cause of ovarian cancer is not known, but certain risk factors, such as age, family history, and certain genetic mutations, can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing the disease.
Symptoms of ovarian cancer may include bloating, abdominal pain, difficulty eating or feeling full quickly, and frequent urination. However, these symptoms are often non-specific and can be caused by other conditions as well.
Diagnosis usually involves a combination of a physical exam, imaging tests, and blood tests. Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The prognosis for ovarian cancer depends on several factors, including the stage at which it is diagnosed and the overall health of the patient.
Symptoms of ovarian cancers:
The symptoms of ovarian cancer can be vague and non-specific, which is why the disease is often referred to as a “silent killer.” However, some common symptoms include:
- Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Urgency or frequency of urination
- Swap in bowel habits, such as constipation or diarrhea
- Unexplained weight loss or gain
- Fatigue or low energy
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge
It is important to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, and not everyone with ovarian cancer will experience them. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, especially if they are new or persistent, it is important to see a healthcare provider for an evaluation.
What experts say about ovarian cancer:
Experts in the field of oncology agree that ovarian cancer is a serious and often deadly disease. While the survival rates have improved in recent years, it is still considered one of the most difficult cancers to detect and treat.
Early detection is key to improving outcomes, and experts recommend that women pay attention to any changes in their bodies and report any symptoms to their healthcare provider. They also recommend regular gynecological exams and screenings for women at higher risk, such as those with a family history of ovarian or breast cancer.
Treatment for ovarian cancer often involves a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, and recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies are offering new hope for patients with advanced disease.
Despite the challenges of ovarian cancer, experts remain optimistic about the future of research and treatment, and continue to work towards improving outcomes for patients.
Risk of ovarian cancer:
Several factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing ovarian cancer, including:
- Age: The possibility of ovarian cancer escalates as a woman gets elderly , with most cases occurring in women over age 50.
- Family history: Women with a first-degree relative (mother, sister, or daughter) who has had ovarian cancer have a higher risk of developing the disease.
- Inherited genetic mutations: Some genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer.
- Personal history: Women who have had breast cancer or certain types of gynecologic cancers are at a higher risk of developing ovarian cancer.
- Hormone therapy: Long-term use of estrogen-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
- Endometriosis: Women with endometriosis may have an increased risk of developing a certain type of ovarian cancer called endometrioid ovarian cancer.
It is important to note that most women who develop ovarian cancer do not have any known risk factors. If you are concerned about your risk of ovarian cancer, talk to your healthcare provider about your personal and family medical history, and any steps you can take to reduce your risk.
Detecting ovarian cancer:
Detecting ovarian cancer can be difficult, as the disease often does not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, there are several screening tests and diagnostic tools that can help detect ovarian cancer, including:
- Pelvic exam: A healthcare provider can feel the ovaries and surrounding tissues for any abnormalities during a pelvic exam.
- Transvaginal ultrasound: This imaging test uses sound waves to create images of the ovaries and surrounding tissues. It is often used to screen for ovarian cancer in women at higher risk.
- CA-125 blood test: This blood test measures the level of a protein called CA-125, which can be elevated in women with ovarian cancer. However, CA-125 levels can also be elevated in women with other conditions, so this test is not always reliable for detecting ovarian cancer.
- Pelvic CT scan or MRI: These imaging tests can provide more detailed images of the ovaries and surrounding tissues, and can help detect any abnormalities.
If ovarian cancer is suspected based on screening or symptoms, a biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. This involves removing a sample of tissue from the ovary or surrounding tissues and examining it under a microscope.
It is important to note that not all screening tests are 100% accurate, and false positives and false negatives can occur. Women should discuss the risks and benefits of screening tests with their healthcare provider and make an informed decision based on their personal risk factors and preferences.
